Q. 5. Explain the various types of postal services?
Ans: The venous types of postal services are as follows:
A] Mail Services:
Mail service is the one of main services of post cities that deals with collection of letters and parcels from the sender to distribute among the receiver’s Indian postal service deals with both Inland and International Mail.
1) Post Card: it is a card on which messages can be return on the both sides. It is also the cheapest mode of return communication. The space for writing address of receiver is given separately and the balance space can be used for writing the matter. There are two types of Post Cards:
a) Ordinary Post Card: Used for writing letters.
b) Competition Post Card: Used for sending replies to questions asked in various competitions, quiz. contests. etc. announced through radio, television, newspapers, etc. The use of post card is very rare these days. There is no secrecy in the post card. Any person can read it. Therefore, it is suitable for small impersonal message.
2) Inland Letter Gard: Like post card, return written messages can also be sent lising inland letter card. It is sold by post office. Message can be written on one side and written portion is then folded and sealed. This type of card ensures secrecy of message since only the name of sender and receiver can be seen. When an Inland card letter used for sending message abroad, at special card is used called as “Aerogram”.
3) Envelope: As post card is not suitable for sending confidential message and inland letter card is not possible to send any enclosure. If one wants to send application or blodata for employment purpose in the organization, postal envelope or an ordinary envelope with postage stamp affixed on it can be used for sending enclosure. An envelope is a paper packet with one side open. This main service is used by the Maximum general public and business firm.
4) Parcel Post: The post facility through which articles can be sent in the form of parcel is known as “Parcel Post”. Under parcel post, articles / items of a special size and weight can be sent as parcel in both within the country as well as foreign countries. The charges depend upon the weight of the parcel. A separate postage is to be paid for inland and foreign parcel post.
5) Book Post: Printed material, periodicals, greeting cards can be also mailed as book-post. Under the book post envelope containing book or documents should only be closed not sealed. It should be mentioned ’book-post' on the face of the envelope. The postage of book-post mail is less than postage on sealed envelope.
B] Specialized Mail Services:
Post office also offers various mail services having some extra advantages like sending mail faster, insuring certainty of delivery of mail, compensating the sender in case of loss or damages to the main during transit etc. One can avail of benefit of all these facilities by paying additional postage.
1) UPC (Under Postal Certificate): When the letters are dropped in post box, the sender is not sure Whether such letter is carried by postal department and delivered to he addresses. So to ensure delivery of letter, a certificate of posting is obtained from post lines by paying necessary charges. UPC is written on the envelope and it is sealed by the postal department to serve as proof that the letter has been delivered.
2} Registered Post: The letter and parcel can be sent through registered post by paying extra charges. When letter is registered the post office gives receipt to the lender. Sometimes, acknowledgement card is also attached to the letter and this is signed by the receiver on receipt of the letter or parcel which is then returned to the sender.
3) Insured Post: Sometimes there is danger of damage to parcel in transit. In such case, the sender pays a nominal insurance premium for letter or parcel sent. In case of damages he is compensated by the postal department.
4) Speed Post: In case of urgent delivery of letter and parcel this services is used by the sender. There is speeder delivery done by the post office at an extra charge which depends upon parcel and distance.
5) Post Restante: Sometime when sender of the messages is not sure about the exact address of the receiver. Here is this service. It is required to be specially mentioned “Post Restante” on the face of the letter. When the letter reaches the receiving post office, it is required to be collected by the receiver within fourteen days failing which letter is sent back to the sender. Such letters are mostly sent to passengers by tourist and travelling company.
6) VPP (Value Payable by Post): Under this scheme, the post office collects the value of articles delivered from receiver when the article reaches the receiver. He can get its possession only after paying the necessary amount. Such service is suitable to traders, who wish to recover the money through post office. The value of this article should not exceed rupees one thousand.
C] Money Remittance Services:
1) Money Order (M.O.): Money order can be sent through post office from sender to receiver’s door. The form duly filled containing details like name, address of sender and receiver, amount, etc. It is submitted at the post office. The amount to be remitted and commission of the post office is deposited along with form. The amount is then sent to the receiver by the post office within normally 3-4 days.
2) Instant Money Order (I.M.O.): It is the easiest, reliable and affordable form of transfer of money. Remittances from Rs. 10 thousand to 50 thousand is allow to be sent in this service.
3) International Money Transfer (I.M.T.): IMT is useful for NR1 dependent family in India. Visiting International tourists and foreign students studying in India can avail this facility. Only personal transfer of money is allowed to India from 195 countries in the world.
4) Money Gram: Money gram is also known as payment system. International money transfers for services available at only selected post offices in India. USA. provides the services to the general public because Indian postal department has entered into an agreement.
5) Money Order Videsh (M.O.V.): Under this postal service money is transferred from one country to another. It is available through head post office. This service is introduced on 24th October 2009.
6) Electronic International Money Order: International money transfer from U A. B to India and vice versa through IFS (International Financial System) and UPU (Universal Postal Union) from February 2008.
7) Foreign Exchange Services: Indian post facilitates purchase or sale of foreign currency to select post offices. This is done with the help of HDFC.
D] Retail Services of Post Office:
1) Bill Mail Services: Communication with the help of Financial Statements (Trading and Profit and Loss A/c, Balance, Fund Flow and Cash Flow Statement) or account is known as BMS. It is not allowed for personal mail. The provider can provide this service to the customer once in 90 days.
2) Retail Post: A post office offers various services like collection of electricity bill, telephone bill, insurance premium, taxes and fees of the government, etc. Post Office sells application forms of U.P.S.C., H.S.C. and University Examination, etc.
3) E-Payment: B-Payment is smart option of electronic fund transfer for payment and collection of money. Post Office offers a convenient and simple method for 3payment such as telephone bill, electricity bill, examination fees, and school fees.
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